Local area of Moseley Essay Example

Local area of Moseley Essay Example Local area of Moseley Essay Local area of Moseley Essay After evaluating the local area of Moseley, I have realised there is a serious lack in exquisite restaurants. Moseley is a very respectable area, therefore I feel this has given me the opportunity to open a respectable restaurant. The nearest restaurant is approximately a 15 minute drive from my chosen location. Therefore I intend to open a restaurant in this region. I plan to call my restaurant Makou, I have chosen this name because the cookery type in Sri Lanka and Southern Indian areas is called Makou.The restaurant will be located near the main High Street which lengthens from Moseley through Kings Heath. I feel that if I choose to locate my business here I will attract not only customers from the area of Moseley but also customers from the area of Kings Heath. The High Street is a very busy place both day and night, this I feel is also an advantage because I will be attracting customers and a lot of attention, this can be great for my businesses publicity.I feel that this locati on will allow me to gain most of the market as my business is very unique amongst the High Street shops, as for the shoppers it is almost a treat because they can enjoy something which has never been offered.Aims ObjectivesI have many aims to start my business and to keep it running, in order to preserve and keep my business running I must conduct market research and gain the most out of the market.I must take into account the 4 Ps, pricing, promotion, product and place. I will research into my target audience in order to obtain crucial information about what my potential customers actually want.After my research has been conducted I must analyse my findings and I will present them in pie charts, these will clearly allow me to see which decisions must be made by my business.One of my main aims for my business is to make a lot of profit, maximum if possible. I must also make my business known through means of advertisement leaflets, brochures radio and televised advertising.An adeq uate business plan is vital for my company, this will allow me to gain financial support form banks in order to provide me with the start-up capital I need. In order to conduct my research I must create a marketing strategy to conduct my marketing research. I will be using combinations of researches, desk and field are both applicable in my case, field research is very time consuming therefore I aim to combine both types of researches.A niche is important for any company in its desired market, this is also one of my aims. I have proposed a target to reach customer satisfaction, this will allow customers to trust my company and what we provide, thus allowing my customers to become a form of advertisement, they tell friends and family about my business; attracting again more customers.Market ResearchThere are two main types of research, these are known as desk and field research. Field research is very expensive and time consuming, but the information gained is eye witnessed and is no t a secondary resource. Desk research is done by using information through secondary sources, the information therefore is not always correct or accurate, but it doesnt consume a lot of time. Therefore, both types are applicable to my research, I need accurate information which doesnt take a lot of time.I will create a questionnaire with both quantitative and qualitative questions, I will also interview someone from another market quite similar to that which is mine. Once done, I will present my findings and apply my results in order to make key decisions regarding my business.Pricing is a key factor as part of the 4 Ps, I must take into account the different types of pricing strategies:* Penetration Pricing: This is where a firm charges a very low price when the product is new to attract customers. Once the product has established, the firm will increase the price. This helps to get brand loyalty. In relevance to my business, this would be a very effective pricing strategy due to t he fact that I would be able to attract customers with my low price and hopefully keep them interested in the snooker hall after increasing the price.* Skimming: This is the opposite of penetration pricing. Firms charge a high price to begin with. This helps the product to seem desirable to people with large incomes. When the product has established the firm will lower the price to help it become a mass-market product. In relevance to my business, this wouldnt be an effective means of pricing my services due to people not being interested if the price is very high. If the price is very high, I feel that the customers will feel that going to my hall wouldnt be worth it.* Destroyer Pricing: This is where firms charge low prices that they know are unprofitable for their competitors. Once they have driven their competitors out of the market they will raise prices. This is illegal. This wouldnt be very effective for my business mainly because its illegal. Also, there is limited competiti on therefore there would be no need to try to drive the customers out of the market.* Price Discrimination: This is where firms charge different prices to different consumers for the same product. I wouldnt charge different prices to different people instead I would charge different prices at different times. So, playing late at night the prices would decrease so the place could become more social. I would concentrate more on discounts and membership in order to attract customers.* Competition Pricing: This is where the firm has to charge similar prices to other firms. It happens when there is lots of choice and not much product differentiation. As stated before, there is limited competition in the area so there would be no need to charge prices the same as competitors as the nearest competitor is miles away.I find that penetration pricing is very applicable to my situation, if I start off at a low price I will be calling the customers in, customers are often more likely to head for the lower prices.As though for terms of promotion, I will be looking at a lot of different types of advertising media:* Television: Advertisements can reach millions can target people who watch particular programmes. It is very expensive. Due to the limited budget I have, I see no need to use television to advertise my business, seeing as theres only my hall and I dont operate as a franchise, there would be no sense in advertising to people in other cities. Also, it is way too expensive and not sensible* Radio: Radio is cheaper and listeners of particular programmes can be targeted, but its sound only and the audience is usually smaller. Radio can be an effective means of targeting local customers. It would be more suitable to use local radio to promote my business rather than using national radio.* Newspaper and Magazines: Its easy to target audience effectively using newspaper and magazines. Theyll often be read more than once, but they are often not in colour and silent. Local n ewspapers and magazines would be a very effective means of advertising my business because they are not so expensive and there is a high audience for newspapers and magazines.* Posters and Billboards: These have a high visual impact, stay in place for a long time and can be seen daily by lots of people. But they are often near roads and drivers only see them for a few seconds so they cant contain too much information. Posters would be useful for promoting my business as they can be seen all over walls but billboards wouldnt be as effective because it would take too long to read them if the customer is a driver.* Cinemas: These have a very high visual and sound impact and particular films can be targeted. Unlike all other media audience can be captivated. Theyre very expensive. I feel that this wouldnt be an effective means to advertise my business because I have a limited budget and this would cost way too much. Also, Im intending to attract local customers and not customers nationw ide.* Leaflets and Junk Mail: These are cheap to produce and distribute and junk mails good for targeting. Theyre easy to ignore. Leaflets would be a very effective means of advertising as long is its targeted at the right audience. Also, its not expensive and it can be useful to use these.Internet: Websites can have a high visual impact, be interactive and link directly to buying the product. But the advert is competing wit a lot of other stuff on the net so it has to really grab people. Internet would be effective because it can make people aware of my company. It doesnt cost too much either.Only a few of the methods of advertising would be cost-effective and good to target audience. They are local radio, newspapers, posters, leaflets and the internet. I feel that using as much as I can in accordance to my budget will help me get the publicity that I wish to attract.The 4 Ps also known as the marketing mix must also be included:* Product: A firm must come up with a product that pe ople will want to buy. It must fulfil some of the customers needs or wants. I feel that by opening this snooker hall I am appealing to many of the citizens who live In the Yardley Area. Opening a pool hall will enable people of the area to enjoy a game of pool whenever they like without having to travel a long distance to play.* Price: he price must be one that the customer thinks is good value for money. This is not the same as being cheap. I feel that by researching the different pricing strategies I will find the certain types of price I wish to charge. I am intending to charge a low price so that it will not deter people visiting the hall.* Promotion: The product must be promoted so that the potential customers are aware that it exists. I am intending to use the most effective means of advertising in such a local area. Research of advertising strategies will help to influence my idea.4 Place: The product must be available for sale in a place that the customer will find convenien t. I have proposed to open my hall on the main road in Yardley thus l leading to the conclusion that it wont be out of the way or hard to find while being convenient.There is also another factor which involves segmentation, here are the types that have been segmented:* Age: The teenage Market or over 55s etc. I am intending for this snooker hall to be open to people of all ages thus leading to age not being a variable.* Social Class: Class A professions down to Class E the unemployed. The hall is intended to be open for anybody who enjoys the game whether they are employed or not is not a matter.Culture or Religion: Different groups have their own unique beliefs. Taking into consideration that there will be a bar and consuming alcohol is prohibited in some religions, the bar will be open so whoever wishes to have a drink can purchase one and there will be many non-alcoholic beverages included.In order to obtain information about what my customers want, I have devised a questionnaire , this will allow to me to get information from customers I need.QuestionnaireHello there, I am intending to open a exquisite restaurant around this area, would you mind filling out this questionnaire please?1) What age group do you belong to?[5-16] [17-30] [31-50] [50+]2) Do you enjoy a night out on the local high street?[Yes/No]3) How often do you go out for a meal?[Once a Week] [Once a Month] if other please specify 4) What price do you normally tend to pay for a meal?Please specify..5) Would you be interested if there was a new restaurant to be opened up inthis local area?[Yes/No]6) Would secure car parking be a vital asset?[Yes/No]7) Would social things such as bars etc. make the place more exciting? [Yes/No]Thankyou for your time.I also took this time to interview a ex owner of a very well appreciated and respected restaurant in the local area.Me What was the core influence for you to open a restaurant?Manager Well, I love to eat out, its one of the things I just love to do, and my wife and I love to go out to eat, but a lot of local fish and chip shops just did not tickle our fancy. This heavily influenced me to open the businessMe: During your launching period which types of media did you find most effective taking into consideration the limit of budget?Manager: I considered all types of media but it was only that I found the major ways of advertising are generally more expensive and not worth it. I felt that flyers, newspapers and radio were the best way to promote the business without compromising on finance.Me: Once your company was flowing, which pricing strategy was used and which was used at the launch stage?Manager: At the launch stage, the most effective pricing strategy was the Penetration pricing. It seemed to attract more customers due to its low price. Once we were flowing and known, we began using increasing the price in order to make more profit to put back into the business.Me: What other features did you find attracted customers?Manag er: Hmm I would have to say that the secure car park and the bar helped much. People generally like the idea that their car is safe and also the bar helps much due to it being a social attraction.Thanks a lot for your supper, I appreciate this dearly.From the interview I can see that pricing and promotion were very important for a well run well respected business, therefore I intend to follow but differ along the way in order to reach this status.Findings AnalysisFrom the questionnaires that were filled in, the results have been placed in a easy-to-view pie chart. This will allow me to make future decisions concerning my business.What Age Group?This pie chart generally shows us that the majority of people who are interested in the business are 17-30 years old. A staggering 65 percent of them were. This shows me the age group and general habits of drinking etc at these ages.Do you enjoy a night out?74% of the people asked enjoyed going out for a meal. This shows me that it can be pro fitable and not a waste of time. Hopefully I am hoping to get more people interested.How often do you tend to go out?From studying this chart, it shows us that the majority of people hardly go out, I think thats due to the fact there are no restaurants near enough. Hopefully with the right means of advertising and the right features it will help attract more customers therefore they will tend to go out more.Would you be interested in a restaurant located here?The majority of the people would be interested in a resaurant located within the specified area. This makes the whole project worth while. Im hoping to make the business seam appealing in order to get others interested.7) Would secure car parking be a vital asset? [Yes/No]This chart has implied that the need for car park is definitely vital in order to attract customers therefore I am intending to include a car park with the restaurant.Would social things such as bars etc. make the place more exciting? [Yes/No]This chart sugges ts that social features arent necessarily vital but would help towards the effort of attracting customers; therefore I am going to include these features.My findings analysis has opened a whole new door of enlightenment for me, it has shown me what my customers want and is now allowing me to make important decisions towards becoming a well known business.Marketing CampaignHere are the decisions I have made, after all of my research I have conducted and all of my findings I have obtained, I feel these are the companies vital decisions regarding the marketing mix( 4 Ps)Price I have chosen to take up penetration pricing, but as I gain more customers and attention I will slowly increase the price, I will do this because as I tart off with a low price I am increasing the customer rate entering my restaurant, and I know that once I achieve customer satisfaction my customers will want to return to my restaurant, increasing the price therefore does not affect anyone.Promotion As for means of advertising, I feel that this is the best way to promote my business, I can make a website for people to access and come and enjoy this experience, a local newspaper which is often read and found in all shops on the High Street can be used, if I place an ad in the newspaper it will broaden and let almost every shopper now about my restaurant. Other successful ways which I hope to try out are radio, its not very expensive but happens to be very effective.Place The location I have chosen is just off the High Street, this proves ideal because t is a very suitable location, I already have a lot of people passing by, groups are bound to take a look. I have also chosen this area because there is a lack of competition, this I hope will make my business successful.Product I am hoping to introduce a exquisite unique restaurant as a new experience for shoppers on the High Street stretching through Moseley and Kings Heath, there will be a lot of events taking place here and I hope to bri ng along celebrities to up my business and increase my popularity along with publicity.EvaluationAfter conducing my research and after clear analysis of my findings it has been made clear what my customers actually do want and what it takes to make a successful business start and to keep it up and running. Preservation is a key factor here.First of all I realised that a car park would be important as people are often willing to travel to enjoy a meal, but I never realised what capacity of people wanted a secure car park.I have also realised that the research I conducted was thorough and precise.If I was to do this whole project over, I would have spent more time on my interview and questionnaire as this has helped me a lot, and I would analyze my findings more thoroughly.I feel that if I had enough capital I could then engage in more serious ways of promoting my business and maybe disperse nationwide becoming well known.

How to answer, Why do you want to work here

How to answer, Why do you want to work here Sometimes the most obvious interview questions are the toughest. You prep and prep for the job of your dreams and do all the right things- meticulously tailor your resume and cover letter, carefully follow the steps involved in the application process, wait patiently for a response and, if you’re lucky, get invited to an interview and come face-to-face with the hiring manager. At some point in the conversation, they ask â€Å"Why do you want to work here?† And†¦ you freeze. This can be the question that separates the serious contenders from the unprepared. It is often among the first to be asked during an interview, which means it may be your chance to make a great first impression. It’s what’s known as an â€Å"open-ended question,† which means that rather than seeking a single-word â€Å"yes or no† answer, the interviewer is looking for a more thoughtful, in-depth, and carefully considered response. So, step one: take this question ser iously and prepare for it in advance of the interview. Use the following strategies to help you craft a response that will put you in good standing during your next job hunt.Demonstrate your passionThe truth is, your answer to every question on an interview should demonstrate your passion and enthusiasm for the position and for the notion of joining the company and team; your answer to this question should be no different. Hiring personnel are looking for driven candidates who are excited to come on board to this job, not just any job.  You’ll want to convey that you have the energy and motivation to potentially lead, innovate, and move the needle in a positive way. Is this you? If so, then make sure your answer details specifically why you want the exact job available.Are you passionate about the company? Do your research and be prepared to explain why. Make sure your response demonstrates that you have an in-depth of knowledge of both the industry as a whole and the speci fic company you’re applying to. Although companies are aware that there will invariably be an onboarding and training period to get new hires up to speed and fully prepared to handle all of their new responsibilities, hiring personnel are much more apt to consider candidates who already bring in a wealth of experience and an understanding of how the business operates.Explain why you’re a good fitYour reasoning for why you want to work at a company should include why you’re a â€Å"good fit† for them. Hiring personnel these days are looking for candidates who aren’t just qualified and look good â€Å"on paper†- they want to hire folks who will fit in well with their existing teams and into their culture. When preparing for an interview, be sure to do your homework to get a good sense of a company’s culture (social media and corporate websites are excellent sources of information); then, when you’re on the interview, try your bes t to give the impression that you’ll blend in well.Sell your skill setIt never hurts when answering a question to take the opportunity to demonstrate why the skills you bring to the table can translate to task effectiveness and potential success on the job; consider working into your response that your background and skills will make you great at the job (as long as you do it strategically and avoid sounding like a boasting broken record).Come ready with examples of how you’ve excelled with those skills in past jobs. Love that you’ll be working with people? Tell a specific story about a time you shined with a customer and how happy it made you. Excited to crunch numbers all day? Talk about how your love for spreadsheets has made you a whiz your whole professional life.Discuss how you can help fill their needsSure, there are lots of things you hope to get from a company if and when they hire you, but this shouldn’t be the focus of your messaging on an inte rview. Instead, the reverse should be your â€Å"main message†- how you can help address and fill the needs of the company that you want to hire you. Therefore, when answering this question, make sure your response includes why you’re in the perfect position to benefit them, not yourself. Ultimately, you want them to know that hiring you will be the best decision for their company. Your job is to convince them that hiring you will be the best decision they can make.

Reflect on the assessment process you use in your own teaching, Essay

Reflect on the assessment process you use in your own teaching, explain using approprite assessment terminology and theories - Essay Example There are about 30-35 adult learners from a mixed diverse group. This group is quite interactive although some have been out of education for a very long time. They require simple and clear explanation. There is a mixture of male and female. During the session learner may require explanation repeatedly. They are quite responsive and have to keep them focus to the lesson. I will also focus on applying learning theories to encourage learners and promote their understanding by modelling and reinforcement of existing knowledge that they have. This session relate to the module by having an understanding of my role and responsibilities as a lecturer. It gives an opportunity to apply learning theories to enhance teaching and learning. It is also related in terms of my lesson planning; structuring my session by recognising learner’s needs and apply relevant learning theories to promote learner’s understanding and learning through observation and modelling. To introduce the four models of working in Partnership in Health and Social Care. Make learners understand the relationships and significance between the four models of working in partnership. Ensure learners understand local strategic partnership and local area agreement. Delivery of lecture and explanation, assessing their knowledge through formal assessment, question and answers and group discussion. With my group of learners I make sure my power point presentation is very clear, ask questions throughout the lecture, group discussion in order to keep them interactive, get all learners involve and concentrate. I will use examples in order to make them reflect on their practice and previous lecture. I also give them more explanation and definition of key words used in the text. This is because some of my learners are non native speakers. I will build learner’s confidence by praising them and encourage them to interact in class activities. I will also

Hinduism interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hinduism interview - Essay Example In this case, the Hindus are able to remain bound to their religious believes, and respect others regions due to their selfless services. Realization of truth occurs through devotion to certain aspects of supreme reality, and this is attributed to worshiping Gods such as Krishna and Goddesses such as Durga (Verma, Inamdar & Kumar, 2009). Hinduism has shaped people’s lives by encouraging practices of self-analysis, meditation and selfless service. Moreover, this religion facilitates a significant belief that leads to dependence to God. Hindus worship Krishne as their main God since there are millions of Gods in Hinduism. There are religious and cultural foods requirements in Hinduism, whereby people make provision of various sources of foods that are culturally appropriate. However, there is open mindedness of Indian people concerning the influence by various cultures and religions; for instance, a man may eat meat by his wife may not eat this kind of food. Hinduism does not prohibit eating meat, though there is a notion that no living thing has equal live to live; thus, people should not kill animals (Verma, Inamdar & Kumar, 2009). Therefore, most of the Hindus are vegetarians, while others have found a necessity of eating eggs and fish occasionally in the contemporary urban Western life. Nevertheless, Hindus are fond of serving rise and tea at their every meal, while numerous Indian have adopted Western style meals, which they take for breakfast, lunch and conventional meals for dinner. Nonetheless, some of the meals they take include unleavened wheat bread, vegetables, curries, yogurt-based food and fruits. According to Verma, Inamdar & Kumar (2009), karma is discussed by Hindu scriptures as a law of cause and effects, thereby facilitating creation of destiny through their thoughts, dealings and expressions. There is a conviction that illness and other health

Principles infection control Essay Example for Free

Principles infection control Essay Explain employees’ roles and responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control of infection ANSWER As an employee the Health and Safety At Work Act 1974 state that I have a duty and responsibility to ensure that I as an employee have a duty to be responsible in showing reasonable care for my own safety. I have the responsibility of my own safety in terms of cleanliness and hygiene observation and practice; I am responsible for cooperating and following the health and safety guidelines and expectations of my employer; I am responsible for maintaining and taking care of all hygiene equipment and materials and to report when there is a faulty; I am responsible for using PPE appropriately and attending the necessary training in health and safety, keeping my skills up to date; I have a responsibility of to monitor the hygiene practices of my staff as a senior care support worker making sure that they observe practices such as wearing appropriate PPE and washing hands appropriately as well as updating their training. I must be of the attitude that when it comes to infection prevention and control that all individuals (including myself) are high risk and practice my control of hygiene accordingly. This means wearing PPE such as gloves and aprons when assisting a service user to toilet or wash; disposing of the PPE appropriately afterwards and washing my hands thoroughly. It includes using new clean PPE between attending to different service users; making sure pads and soiled linen are bagged and disposed correctly; disinfecting and wiping down areas when necessary; storing foods to correct temperatures; preparing foods to correct temperatures before serving; using clean food implements and equipment and following the instructions of the use and storage of substances hazardous to health. I must also keep my personal hygiene up to standards at work by wearing appropriate clean clothing and  keeping my hair tidy and tied away for my face, no jewellery or dangling parts and sensible foot wear. Wearing inappropriate clothing such as clothes with tassels can drop into food and cause cross contamination; shoes that will cause imbalance and cause me to topple over would be dangerous especially if carrying food, waste or assisting a person to manoeuvre. Not wearing appropriate PPE would increase the chance of cross contamination as substances such as bodily fluids, chemicals and other foreign particles such as hair etc can be easily transferred to ingest or inhale in some way. Reporting faulty equipment is essential as if a dish washer or washing machine breaks down then this increases the risk of the items they would process to not be processed properly or sit around harbouring bacteria for longer thus increasing the risk to cross contamination. Updating my knowledge in subjects such as health and safety and food safety is vital as it reinforces knowledge and practice and informs me of any legislation and practices that have changed. If a service user develops an infection then I must record and report this straight away making sure that the home nurse or manager is aware and that it is handed over to the staff team with instructions of how to provide care. The service user must receive medical attention from the home nurse or a GP. These types of infections must also include reporting to necessary bodies such as RIDDOR at the local authority by the GP, especially in circumstances of food poisoning or contagious infections such as Healthcare Associated Infections (e.g. MRSA, MSSA, C. Difficile and E. Coli which are all very contagious bacteria). If a member of staff has an infection and they pose a risk to others of cross contamination then they should seek medical attention and not come into work advising me by phone call of what the issue is so that I can alert the manager or home nurse and we can check for any risk of cross contamination. This staff member (including myself it affected) should not return to work unless the risk had gone and it is medically safe to do so. A certificate from my (or staffs) GP must be provided in these cases. Continue on a separate page if necessary QUESTION- ( 1.2 ) Explain employers’ responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control of infection ANSWER Employers have a great duty to ensure that health and safety regulations (HASAWA 1974) are met in the prevention and control of infections because they also have a duty of care to ensure it is prevented and/ or kept under control and terminated. Health and safety legislation states that employers must protect employees from danger and harm as far as reasonably possible so the work premises that they provide for service users to dwell and staff to work in must be safe and free from danger. In terms of infection control, all substances that are hazardous to health including bodily fluids, chemicals and wastes must have provisions so that they can be stored, handled, cleaned, processed and disposed of safely with minimal risk to individuals. Risk assessments must be carried out in the work place to ensure that any risks are identified, minimised and monitored as a way of limiting and controlling the risk of infection. Risk assessment of stored and used substances including COSHH and biohazard substances and risk assessments of working procedures including risk assessments in serviced users care plans must be carried out and updated. Employers must provide the means for staff to access training so that their employees knowledge and skills are up to date; they must provide the means to PPE so that employees can protect themselves and others whilst they work with hazardous substances and they must ensure that regular health and safety checks are carried out so that any issues can be identified and corrected in the building and in the resources. Employers must also provide the necessary infection prevention and control in policies and procedures so that I and my staff team can access the necessary information on how we carry out our work. The main source of Health Care Associated Infections (HCAIs) are transferred via hand contact therefore it is vital that my employer provides that  adequate resources for myself and staff to wash our hands and dry our hands regularly, appropriately and to procedure. The facilities to wash with warm water and use a WC should be clean and safe (not damaged and kept clean) provided with necessary hand wash, disposable hand towels and pedal bins. Such resources are vital to the control and prevention of infections. Continue on a separate page if necessary QUESTION- ( 2.1 ) Outline current legislation and regulatory body standards which are relevant to the prevention and control of infection ANSWER As well as the Health and Safety At Work Act 1974 that stipulates that each employee and employers have a responsibility of showing reasonable care for ourselves and others and to provide a safe place to work respectively; other acts that state more specifically how the prevention and control of infections must be met in my work place and these include Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (2002) or COSHH and the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurences Regulations 1995 or RIDDOR. A hazardous substance is any substance or material with the potential to cause illness or injury to the people whom come into contact with it and are likely to come in the forms of liquids, dust, fumes, gases and living organisms. The control of these substances involve the prevention of accidents and ill health and therefore COSHH stipulates that such hazards must be identified; risk assessed; prevent exposure to or control exposure to and staff should be regularly check if they are continuously working with some high risk substances. COSHH also requires that people at work handling substances should follow the instructions or be trained to handle the substances; know what control measures to take and how to take appropriate action in an emergency In a care home environment the employer must make sure that the storage of any substances is safe and legally adequate i.e. in  correct containers, in suitable room, in suitable temperatures, dry area, off of the floor, locked securely etc; all chemical substances should have their data sheets listing the ingredients; storage rooms sign posted appropriately and have only authorised persons using them etc. The regulation should also explain of how to deal with spillages safely and this would include the spillage of blood and/or urine; how to dispose of sharps and dispose of soiled materials such as pads. RIDDOR (1995) covers the recording and reporting of dangerous occurrences and accidents in the workplace. I must ensure that these reports be kept for 3 years and they must be available for inspection by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) as and when required. Work places should have a system of reporting injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences as a result of accidents and incidents. An accident is something that happens that results in an injury or death and an incident is something that almost could have happened that might not have caused harm now but could cause an injury, ill health or a fatality in the future. I must report some incidents to the Health and Safety Executive (via RIDDOR) directly and these include: Death or a major injury Injury resulting in employees being 3 or more Poisoning days off of work Occupational cancers Occupational asthma or lung disease Skin condition such as (from asbestos) skin cancers or dermatitis Musculo-skeletal disorders including fractures Under the Health and Social Care Act 2008 a code of practice was established for the prevention and control of Health Care Associated Infections (HCAIs) setting out how the NHS will go about attempting to prevent HCAIs. 1 Systems to manage and monitor the prevention and control of infection. These systems use risk assessments and consider how susceptible service users are and any risks that their environment and other users may pose to them. 2 Provide and maintain a clean and appropriate environment in managed premises that facilitates the prevention and control of infections. 3 Provide suitable accurate information on infections to service users and their visitors. 4 Provide suitable accurate information on infections to any person concerned with providing further support or nursing/ medical care in a timely fashion. 5 Ensure that people who have or develop an infection are identified promptly and receive the appropriate treatment and care to reduce the risk of passing on the infection to other people. 6 Ensure that all staff and those employed to provide care in all settings are fully involved in the process of preventing and controlling infection. 7 Provide or secure adequate isolation facilities. 8 Secure adequate access to laboratory support as appropriate. 9 Have and adhere to policies, designed for the individual’s care and provider organisations that will help to prevent and control infections. 10 Ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that care workers are free of and are protected from exposure to infections that can be caught at work and that all staff are suitably educated in the prevention and control of infection associated with the provision of health and social care. The Department of Health 2010 ‘The Health and Social Care Act 2008: Code of Practice on the prevention and control of infections and related guidance’. My employer has to show how it is implementing these codes as best suited to the organisation and assessed and inspected by the Care Quality Commission. The Public Health Control Of Diseases Act 1984 and the Public Health (infectious Diseases) Regulations provides information about disease which are risks such as Dysentery, cholera, diphtheria and food poisoning etc . It explains how an outbreak should be handled, recorded and reported and the responsibility of informing the environmental health officer of the outbreak so that an investigation can be carried out. Continue on a separate page if necessary QUESTION- ( 2.2 ) Describe local and organisational policies relevant to the prevention and control of infection ANSWER Policies that cover the prevention and control of infection at my work place include those of: Hand washing technique procedure: To wash hands thoroughly after assisting service users (for example after assisting them to use the toilet, change their pad or even after dressing them or feeding them) it is of paramount importance that I (and my staff team) follow the established method of hand washing. Transference of bacteria via hand to hand contact is the most common way of the spread of infections and pathogens that cause them so it is vital that I carry this out throughout my working practice. My work place has this method displayed in appropriate places (i.e. above hand wash basins) so that it is there to guide me and my staff team. It is a process that should take no more than 15 to 30 seconds and it is a process that is carried out frequently, even if disposable or non disposable gloves are used – hand washing technique is still necessary. The facilities must be available and this includes the basin with hot water, soap and disposable towels. My work place has policies and procedures outlining what to do in the event of the outbreak of infection. It will outline a procedure of recording and reporting on the necessary forms not only for our records but also for RIDDOR. It will direct me to report and outbreak or the suspicion of an outbreak to the home manager or nurse so that they can report to the Environmental Health authorities. If needed a GP will be called in to tend to the service user and will also advise to or report to the local  environmental health inspector for RIDDOR of a notifiable disease such as dysentery, cholera, MRSA, MSSA, C, Difficile or E, Coli (to name a few). The policy will outline the various circumstances of which to notify the Environmental Health Authorities because even though sickness like diarrhoea and influenza are quite common and most people can overcome them with over the counter medications, for elderly people these can pose more of a threat an cause pneumonia or even death if they are not supported straight away because of their weakened immune system or if they already have a chest condition. The procedures outline what to do if there is an outbreak in the home depending on what the suspected infection is i.e. best practice in cases of influenza should instruct along the lines of making the conditions present indicate the threat i.e. The signs and symptoms of influenza e.g. Onset of fever, headache, myalgia, cold or runny nose, sore throat etc; symptoms like these in 2 or more individuals in the home within a 3 day period and the preventative treatment that needs to be put into place as a result. Policies of storage and use of substances that are hazardous to health also cover chemical products that are used throughout the work place (i.e. detergents, cleaners, disinfectants, aerosols etc) and the routine and schedule of cleaning areas particularly areas such as bathrooms, wet rooms, toilets and kitchens. Policy and procedure are also provided on how to dispose of items such as sharps and soiled pads; Soiled pads should disposed of in yellow sanitation bags which can be disposed of in the clinical waste bin; needles and other forms of sharps during drug administration or phlebotomy must be disposed of in special sharps containers that are collected and incinerated. Some service user may have to use certain aids to help them in their day to day lives and these can also require care and attention so as to reduce infection and spread of infection. Such items as catheters need to be cleaned and the service user would need to clean or assistance to clean their most intimate areas so as to prevent infections. Procedure advice on how to clean and care for the aids and how to protect ourselves with appropriate PPE before tending to them. All new catheter bags will be  inside of sterile packaging and we must ensure that these are kept sealed and renew according to care plan. Policy and procedure instructing on care of service users stoma bags would also be another example of such aids where infection prevention and control is of great importance. Continue on a separate page if necessary QUESTION- ( 3.1 ) Describe procedures and systems relevant to the prevention and control of infection ANSWER My work place also has guidance in the form of policies of when to use Personal Protective Equipment such as gloves, aprons or gowns, masks and eye protection. These are vital as a protective barrier against transference of pathogens from service user to me (or staff) and from me to service user. These must be worn when assisting the service user to toilet, change pads, wash, dress and a fresh set when preparing food. They should also be worn when changing bins or clearing up spillages, especially of hazardous substances. The gloves and aprons must be disposable as this reduces the harbouring of pathogens and cuts down the spread of infections. The procedures cover how to don and remove such items as carrying out such methods in sequence cuts down the risk of the spread of infections and transference of pathogens e.g. it may outline a process such as: Carry out hand hygiene immediately before and after donning and removing PPE. Don a gown Don a mask (if used) Don eye wear (if used) Don gloves. Such donning of protection must be carried out in this order as to put gloves  on firstly would make it difficult to tie and adjust other garments; also if hands are gloved it may encourage the user to touch things that may carry infection and then they would transfer when donning other PPE. Donning a mask or eye wear firstly would also be impractical as they would get in the way when donning other items. It is best to don the gown firstly as this has to be done up at the back and then the others (where applicable) and gloves lastly. The procedure will also outline how to don each item of PPE e.g. for donning gloves it may say to don them lastly by inserting hands into gloves and then making sure that the gloves also cover the wrists; and also how to (and in what order to) remove each item of PPE in order to cuts down the risk of the spread of infections and transference of pathogens. Cleaning of certain rooms and facilities in the care home require regular cleaning and decontaminating, disinfecting and sterilisation. Toilets, bathrooms, commodes, equipment such as hoists, bath chairs and handle rails all need to be cleansed in line with the procedure of the home. For example procedure in my care home stipulates that the commodes must be generally cleaned and decontaminated and disinfected after each use, as well as the resident’s toilets. Soiling may not be visible to the eye however the bacteria still persists so this must be cleaned and disinfected immediately. Similarly bathrooms and wet rooms must be cleaned and disinfected after each use as residue from the service users body would be left behind causing bacteria to build up, especially in a damp place. According to procedure I ensure that staffs or myself frequently check the resident’s toilets (hourly). A checking schedule is placed in the toilet where we tick off that it has been checked. In addition to this when we assist the service user to use the toilets after their use we used disinfecting wipes to clean down the seat area and a spate wipe to clean the flushing handle whilst applying disinfectant to the toilet bowl. If debris is in the toilet bowl, this must be scrubbed away using the toilet brush. Many service users need our assistance to use the toilet however some are able to use the toilet themselves and may not remember or be able to disinfect the toilet appropriately after use so we check the toilet hourly  for this purpose. After we finish assisting the service user, making sure that they wash their hands and they are made comfortable outside of toilet we change gloves to clean gloves (as to not cross contaminate from assisting them to other surfaces) and use cleaning materials that are stored in a secure cupboard in the toilet firstly applying toilet bowl disinfectant to the bowl and scrub bowl with toilet brush (if required); use a disinfecting wipe to clean top of bowl, a fresh one for the seat and another last wipe during the flush. We clean the flushing handle lastly using the wipe so as to not risk contamination after touching anywhere else. Where wipes are not used or have run out we use colour coded disposable cleaning cloths and liquid detergents (to remove physical debris) then liquid disinfectant to disinfect the surfaces. These are readily made up to the correct solutions (according to manufactures specifications) and are bottled in colour coded plastic bottles and labelled. For cleaning supplies used in toilets the spray bottles containing the detergent and disinfectants, cleaning cloths, mops and mop-buckets are all red. This gives a clear indication that these are the materials and equipment to be used in the toilet areas only and ensures that these are not used elsewhere in the home providing a procedural barrier against cross contamination. When using the liquid cleaners/disinfectants and cloths we clean and disinfect the flush handle firstly and then work our way down to the bowl to spread of infection from toilet bowl to flush handle. If there is a spillage of urine on the floor then we use water and detergent with a designated mop and mop-bucket (colour coded red) to clean away the spillage. After the physical debris has been removed then we use disinfectant to disinfect the area, ensuring that hazard warning signs are put in place whilst cleaning is taking place so as to warn others of slippery floor surfaces. We open the window so as to encourage quicker drying of the floor and monitor it for safety and remove signage when drying is complete. After cleaning these areas and supplies are securely pit away, we discard of our PPE in a specific manner which also acts as a procedural preventative  barrier against the spread of infection: gloves (turned inside out), apron and then hand hygiene. At the end of a residency and once the room has been voided and all belongings have been removed it is the procedure of our workplace that it should be cleaned and decontaminated, disinfected and sterilised. To do this we have a void team who remove any leftover items to throw away at a local authority refuse centre and get ready to refurbish the room. Wearing PPE we clean, disinfect and use a steam steriliser to sterilise the bed frame and commode (a new mattress is always ordered at the beginning of new residencies) and move these temporarily into a storage room. We also strip the windows of curtains and drapes to launder. The void team then remove the lino and sterilise the room walls and ceiling, skirting door and door frame and handles; repaint and lay new lino to flooring. We then replace the window dressings, bed frame and commode. Many other procedures are particular to our home some of which include: Daily, weekly and monthly cleaning of the kitchen and its contents. The storage and maintenance of products and equipment e.g. cleaning chemicals and the required documentation, food stores and the stock rotation, health aids particular to each service user (such as catheters, stoma bags, dressings and pads), hoists, commodes, stand and twists, transfer boards, PPE etc. Disposal of clinical wastes. Safe handling and disposal of sharps. Managing spillages of blood and bodily fluids products. How to report and record and manage occurrences or suspicions of an outbreak. How to report and record accidents and incidents. Best practice of hand hygiene. Handling and laundering of soiled clothes and linen. Continue on a separate page if necessary QUESTION- ( 3.2 ) Explain the potential impact of an outbreak of infection on the individual and the organisation ANSWER The potential impact of an outbreak of infection on the individual can be devastating because it not only means that they have to be cared for in isolation to limit the risk of infection to other service users but it also means that the infection poses great risk to the individual’s life as their immune system is usually compromised and an infection poses a greater threat to their life. The symptoms of having an infection can be very uncomfortable for them in the mean time as their body is trying to fight the infection they can suffer symptoms such as fever and weakened muscle pain. If their skin is fragile and they are bed bound extra care must be taken to make sure that they are cleaned well and turned often to limit the onset of bedsores that can lead to even more complications. In cases of their treatment using some antibiotics (particularly stronger antibiotics that can give risk to the onset of other bacterial infections such as C. Diff because these antibiotics can have the effect of killing the initial infection in the digestive tract but can also kill beneficial, naturally occurring bacteria essential to the health of the digestive system. The resultant imbalance can give rise to C. Diff (which also naturally occurs in the system) to multiply causing an imbalance by over population that is toxic to their system. The resulting symptoms include can give the side effect of diarrhoea and vomiting which in turn create aerosols and risk of airborne transmission. The isolation that follows when the individual needs to be cared for and treated separately from others so as to reduce the risk of spread of infections to others can also affect the individual’s emotional/ mental wellbeing as they may feel more lonely and depressed during this time and this can affect their self esteem. It is therefore essential that myself and members of staff visit the individual often to maintain social contact  with them and ensure support of their mental health. Visits to the individual from friends and relatives must be stopped until the outbreak has cleared so as limit the risk of cross contamination to the visitors and also protect the resident from bacteria the visitors may unwittingly bring with them. The potential difficulties that follow an infection outbreak for the individual are complex and life threatening. The impact of an infection out break on the organisation can also be devastating as it can be costly for the treatment that has to be implemented and the organisations reputation can suffer as if poor practice or negligence was discovered after an investigation of the outbreak then it is within the rights of the HSE to prosecute individuals and this can lead to a fine or imprisonment. QUESTION- ( 4.1 ) Define the term risk ANSWER A risk within a care setting applies to a number of possibilities that can involve the risk posed from use of equipments, the use of substances or the danger of a service user to themselves and others. In terms of infection prevention and control the term risk applies to the level of risk posed from biological hazards or biohazards to people (including service users, staff and visitors). Some biological hazards are those substances that come from living organisms such as people and they can be found in bodily fluids such as blood, vomit, waste matter, saliva etc. Organisms that exist in bodily fluids include HIV, MRSA, influenza, MSSA, C. Difficile, E. Coli and many others. Once a biohazard in my workplace has been identified then I must be able to identify the level of risk that it poses to all people which means at what rate and by what means can the organism spread? Is it likely to spread  without precautions put in place? What level of harm is posed to others if precautions are not implemented? I would need to rate the level of risk to these factors as low, medium or high. QUESTION- ( 4.2 ) Outline potential risks of infection within the workplace ANSWER In a care home setting the potential for the risk of infection greatly increases because the service users are more vulnerable to getting infection then most people. Their susceptibility to infection is increased by a great many factors that affect their immune system, such as their age. Very old people’s immune systems are weaker due to their age and therefore are more susceptible to getting infection. Service user’s may also be suffering from certain terminal illnesses and this may compromise their immune system or they may be receiving medication or treatment for a terminal illness and this may compromise their immune system e.g. chemotherapy for cancer weakens the immune system. When people are ill or are elderly and suffer from degenerative diseases such as dementia their diets can change and they can begin to eat less or not feel like eating at all. For instances if they undergo a major operation like a hip replacement or have part of their digestive tract removed and acquire a stoma then they may have lost their appetite or find it difficult to change their diet risking them of becoming malnourished. Their nutritional status becomes poor as a result hence compromising their immune system. If they have had surgery and have wounds, stitches or some kind of skin trauma as a result, this greatly increases the risk to infection as the skin has been breached and this is the body’s greatest defence barrier against infection. These areas of the skin are undergoing healing and must be kept cleansed regularly to reduce bacteria. Stomas for the exit of excrement via the bowl or urine, catheters for the drainage of urine from the bladder via the urethra and cannulas inserted into the service user’s arm for the administration of intravenously all give a way to entry directly into the body. This increases the risk to the  service user of infection not only as a direct passage but also if the bags, needles or tubing are not sterile when used or if they become blocked and bacteria can then quickly build up. As mentioned before the use of some drugs can increase a service user’s risk to infection e.g. strong antibiotics changing the levels of natural bacteria in the body and causing an imbalance creating C. Diff infection or chemotherapy drugs weakening the immune system exposing the service user to risk of infection. The service user in a weakened state also becomes at greater risk of carrying infections and can spread pathogens themselves. There are highly contagious blood borne diseases such as Hepatitis B, HIV or MRSA that can be transferred to others who have to interact with them such as myself and staff who are providing care. Friends and relatives and other visitors can also be exposed to these infections. Aerosols from air borne pathogens such as the norovirus or influenza can transfer to others from the carriers vomit. The same is true of outside visitors bringing in such pathogens and risking infection to the service users who have weakened immune systems and who would find it more difficult to fight off such pathogens and sometimes fatal. People coming into the care home environment from outside also include myself and the staff team. We must be aware of our own personal hygiene and health as we can also be carriers of air borne viruses such as colds, flu, diarrhoea and vomiting. As care workers staff and myself need to be even more vigilant about our personal hygiene, state of health and our infection control practice. We must be extra vigilant when working within the care home as we are tending to different service users so it is vital that we practice a high standard of infection control procedure and adhere the requirements as set out in our organisations procedures so as to prevent cross contamination and the spread of infections between potentially contagious and vulnerable service users. We must ensure that we are clean and tidy for work and that our personal hygiene and attire does not pose a risk of infection to the service users and we must be responsible for our health and monitor this as if we do have a cold or flu it is best that we do not enter the work place as these illnesses can be detrimental to our  service users. It is therefore vital that we follow our organisations procedure on our fitness for work and take the appropriate action and inform our manager of our state of health as this could save a person’s life. It is therefore essential that I and my staff treat all individuals as high risk in the light of potential risk factors of infection in a care home environment. The equipment that we use with the service users often come into contact with the service users. Equipment such as hoists, stand and turns, banana boards, commodes, walking frames, profiling beds all come into contact with service users who may be carrying infections or pathogens that will cause infections. In addition areas such as toilets, bathrooms, doors and door handles and stand rails are also areas where bacteria and pathogens can sit and survive. Some pathogens are very resistant and can survive in a dormant state until the conditions in their surroundings becomes right then they can multiply e.g. the spores of C. Diff. It is therefore essential that regular cleaning to the schedule is carried out thoroughly as to limit the opportunity for pathogens to harbour.

How And Why Rugby has Developed from a Traditional form to its Modern day Equivalent :: European Europe History

How And Why Rugby has Developed from a Traditional form to its Modern day Equivalent Introduction Rugby, also known as Rugger, is a football game played with an oval ball by two teams of either 15(Rugby Union) or 13(Rugby League) players each. The object of the game is to score as many points as possible by carrying, passing, kicking and grounding an oval ball in the scoring zone at the far end of the field -- called the in-goal area. Grounding the ball, which must be done with downward pressure, results in a try (worth 5 points). After a try a conversion may be attempted by place kick or drop kick. If the ball passes over the bar and between the goal posts the conversion is successful and results in a further 2 points. Points may also be scored from a drop kick in general play (worth 3 points) and a penalty kick (worth 3 points). The ball may not be passed forward (though it may be kicked forward) and players may not receive the ball in an offside position, nor may they wait in such a position. Players may not be tackled without the ball. Play only stops when a try is scored, or the ball goes out of play, or an infringement occurs. When the ball goes out it is thrown back in at a line-out where the opposing "forwards" line up and jump for the ball. Infringements result in a penalty, or free kick, or scrum. In a scrum the opposing forwards bind together in a unit and push against the other forwards, trying to win the ball with their feet. The above is stating the basic game of today but when rugby originated back in the later part of the 19 century then the idea of the game was distinctly different to its modern form History Whether in legend or in fact, rugby is said to have originated in 1823 at the Rugby School in England. To this day, a stone marker at the gates of the school commemorates the event when "William Webb Ellis ... with fine disregard for the rules of football as played in his time, first took the ball in his arms and ran with it." Ellis and the rest of the world never looked back. The new sport grew in private schools and universities throughout the United Kingdom, and in 1871 the first Rugby Union was founded in London.

Rhetorical Analysis: Pre-writing Essay

Learning how to identify and analyze rhetorical tools is an important part of the collegiate experience. This handout emphasizes several tools which can aid in the analysis of rhetoric in an effective, well-organized paper. Questions to Ask Speakers use rhetorical tools in order to appeal to logic (logos), emotion (pathos), or authority (ethos). Asking yourself specific questions regarding the effect of rhetorical tools you encounter is a good place to begin expanding and improving the analysis within your paper. The following are some suggestions to get you started. If the tool has an ethical effect, ask: What authority does the speaker hope his audience will trust? Is the authority of the speaker himself/herself in question, or is it the authority an outside source? Why does the speaker choose that particular kind of authority? What connections is the speaker trying to make in the minds of the audience? Is it likely that the audience will accept this authority? Why or why not? How does establishing trust in this authority help persuade people to trust the speaker? If the tool has a logical effect, ask: Why does the speaker use a logical argument instead of a pathetic or ethical one? What is the audience’s likely reaction to this sort of logical reasoning? How selective or particular is the logic? Is there any evidence of logical fallacy? If so, why? Does the fallacy undermine the argument, or strengthen it? Note: For more information on logical fallacies, see the handout â€Å"Logical Fallacies.† Is the speaker using logic to persuade his audience about a highly emotional issue? If so, why? If the tool has a pathetic (emotional) effect, ask: What emotion is the speaker highlighting? Why is that particular emotion highlighted? Why would this emotion would be more powerful for the audience the speaker is addressing? What particular tool is the speaker using to  manipulate or arouse these emotions? Does it work? Why or why not? Once the speaker has created an emotion in his listeners, how does he connect that emotion with the purpose of his speech? Is this effective? Why or why not? In other words, how does establishing an emotional connection help persuade people to follow the speaker? Note: Silva Rhetoricae, an online resource developed by Dr. Gideon Burton, describes many specific rhetorical tools and their functions and provides examples of rhetorical analyses of these tools. It can be found at http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/silva.htm. For a more basic commentary on rhetorical tools and how to analyze them, check the Writers at Work workbook, pages 99-104. The Analytical Process: A Sample In rhetorical analysis, writers must first show the connection between each rhetorical tool identified and the way the speaker uses those tools to create a reaction in his or her audience, and then show why each tool was effective for that particular audience. The following example demonstrates an effective analytical process, taking a samplefrom the speech â€Å"Against the Spanish Armada† by Queen Elizabeth I: I know I have but the body of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart of a king, and of a king of England, too; and think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any prince of Europe, should dare to invade the borders of my realms: to which, rather than any dishonor should grow by me, I myself will take up arms. Upon reading this segment, the student has a powerful, postive reaction. The student decides his stance: he will argue that the speech is effective. Next, the student needs to determine the rhetorical tools that Elizabeth uses to make her argument. Looking at the segment critically, the student notices that Elizabeth manages to logically connect the fact that she is a Queen with the responsibility to defend her realm. He sees that Queen Elizabeth ironically juxtaposes the fact that she is a â€Å"feeble woman† against the invading European â€Å"princes.† He also sees that Elizabeth references herself many times in the segment. The student decides to focus on one tool: Elizabeth’s repetitive references to herself. Looking carefully at the passage, he discovers that Elizabeth refers to herself seven times, and that five of those references show Elizabeth as the subject of the clause. The student then asks himself, Why would Elizabeth refer to herself so often? He then lists the possibilities: Elizabeth was reminding her troops how important she was Elizabeth wanted to have her troops remember her when they were in battle Elizabeth wanted to appear confident Elizabeth was egomanical Elizabeth was emphasizing her role as a Queen Elizabeth was using repetition of a subject to create a dramatic feeling in her audience Reviewing the list, the student decides that the most likely possibility is that Elizabeth wished to establish her authority in the eyes of her subjects. This is only one possible analysis of many possibilities; however, he feels that she can explore this aspect in depth. The student then asks: How does referring to herself so often help Elizabeth’s troops accept her as their leader? Looking at each specific reference, he notices that in every instance Elizabeth portrays herself as active and powerful. By attaching herself to verbs commonly associated with power and ruling, he reasons, Elizabeth is able to repetitively emphasize her position as the ruler of the English people. The student is now ready to write a paragraph of rhetorical analysis: Example: In the passage, Elizabeth refers to herself no fewer than seven times. In each instance, Elizabeth connects herself to active verbs which emphasize her dynamic and powerful status: I have, I know, I think foul scorn, I will take up arms. This repetition of her autonomous identity is a powerful way of reminding her troops that she is, in fact, their queen and military leader. By demonstrating her own personal power, Elizabeth shows that she is just as capable as â€Å"any prince of Europe† of defending her lands and people; the repetition of that idea with her carefully chosen verbs  connects her power as a person (and as a â€Å"kingly† woman) with her power as a queen. Even at this point, the student can analyze more deeply: Why was it so important for Elizabeth to establish herself as a â€Å"king?† What elements of the verbs Elizabeth chose communicate power and monarchy to the audience? Is there any aspect of her word choice that would be more stirring to a military audience than a civilian one? After exploring the issues, the student discovers many other aspects of the repetitive word choice that he can analyze and write about. Danny Nelson, Summer 2005 Effective Communication Used by Benevolent Leader, Queen Elizabeth I Persuasion is a difficult skill to master. One has to take into account the ideologies held by the audience and how those relate to one’s own intentions of changing minds. In order to encourage her troops to fight courageously in defense of England, Queen Elizabeth I utilizes Aristotle’s principles of effective communicationthat include logos, pathos and ethos in her Speech to the English Troops at Tilbury, Facing the Spanish Armada. The first principle that Queen Elizabeth I introduces into her speech is logos, as she uses reason and inference to assure her soldiers of her faith in their resolve to fight for the good of England. She warns her soldiers that she has been told to â€Å"take heed how we commit ourselves to armed multitudes, for fear of treachery.† This warning is from a source that is concerned with not only her safety, but also the safety of her subjects and, despite that concern, she claims that it is the tyrants who should be fearful. Since she has â€Å"placed my chiefest strength and safeguard in the loyal hearts and good will of my subjects,† she has no reason to worry because she is not a tyrant like her enemies. As a result of investing and drawing her strength from the people of her kingdom, Queen Elizabeth I has little to fear unlike the tyrants who cannot trust their own armies. The trust that she has placed in her armies to protect the kingdom leads to the use of the second of Aristotle’s principles of effective communication. Queen Elizabeth I uses pathos to appeal to soldiers through their emotions by reminding them that she is on the field with them to die for her subjects (them), just as she is asking them to die for her. She is not on the battlefield with them for her own amusement; the Queen is determined to â€Å"live or die amongst you all, to lay down for my God, and for my kingdom† and this appeals to the soldiers’ sense of duty. If their own Queen is willing to die fighting, then they also have a duty to do the same. Queen Elizabeth I appeals to the soldiers’ religious zeal by claiming that she is willing to die primarily for her God and, secondarily, for her country. This order of priorities makes it seem as though her soldiers are not just fighting to prevent the Spanish from invading England, but that, perhaps, they are fighting for a higher cause. Soldiers will fight to defend worldly things, but the fact that she introduces God as something they are protecting gives their cause an added sense of emergency and import. From her appeals to the hearts of her soldiers, Queen Elizabeth I turns to the third and final principle of Aristotle’s guide to effective communication. Ethos is the final tool that Queen Elizabeth I utilizes to cement her own authority as the Queen of England and her credibility as a benevolent leader who will, in due time, reward the soldiers for their valor. Despite admitting that she has â€Å"the body of a weak and feeble woman,† she reminds them that she has â€Å"the heart and stomach of a king,† which is more important because without those vital organs the body is rendered useless. By claiming that the energy and will that is used to power her movements are derived from her position as â€Å"a king of England,† Queen Elizabeth I reinforces her authority to command her soldiers to sacrifice their lives for the good of the kingdom. The Queen goes on to introduce her reputation as supreme leader who will â€Å"be your general, judge, and rewarder of every one of your virtues in the field.† Not only will she command her army, she will judge their performance and she will reward the deserved. Queen Elizabeth I provides not only the motivation of heroism as its own reward, but she also promises â€Å"rewards and crowns†¦shall be duly paid† to those who have fought and will fight with courage. Ethos is used by Queen Elizabeth I to assert her own authority as their motivation to fight for glory and for reward. The principles of logos, pathos and ethos are used to put faith in the minds of the soldiers that they are fighting for a noble cause and are being commanded by a valiant leader.

Lament †Gillian Clarke, Poem Imagery Analysis Essay

Gillian Clarke, the writer of Lament, uses imagery in his poem in the form of animals and nature to express the consequence of war and greed on the innocent. He uses nature imagery to show that the very thing that was meant to nurture us is being destroyed. Clarke uses imagery to mourn the destruction of the innocent and nature. He also uses imagery to show how appalling the consequences of human nature are to its surroundings. Clarke explains that â€Å"for vengeance† â€Å"the green turtle† suffers with â€Å"her pulsing burden in search for the breeding ground† and that for something that starts life, she is being put at burden for. He points that from this burden, which was put on to her by human nature, â€Å"her eggs laid in the nest of sickness†. When Clarke uses this image he intensifies the idea that the innocent egg cannot choose its life and lies in the birth place of sickness. All of this is because of the same cause, and Clarke shows us that by repeating the word â€Å"For†. We as the reader connect with the idea as Clarke uses his images with the life cycles and the innocent. The idea of mother nature is really emphasized in the poem. Clarke uses imagery to represent this image. He gives nature a comforting â€Å"lap† which shows us that nature is very nurturing. The word â€Å"lap† is an image of comfort and a mother-like feature, thus it represents the idea of mother nature. The effect of this is that we feel more sorrow as we read through the poem; we feel that we are destroying something that gives us a home, food, and much more. Clarke makes us see that it is not onlz us who are in the â€Å"ocean’s lap† but the â€Å"cormorants in his funeral silk†¦ the dugong and the dolphins,† and something as massive as the whale; they are the ones suffering from the destruction of the lap, which is caused by humans, according to the writer. He uses these animals to make us realize that innocent creatures also are under the care of nature, and as we destroy nature, we are destroying life itself for many. It is not only the innocent creatures that are suffering, but within our own kind. Clarke uses an innocent â€Å"boy who joined for the company,† to show us that even children are going into war for silly reasons and eventually in vain. This boy is â€Å"the farmer’s son† and we are brought back to this idea that the innocent poor son of some father, is suffering. The fact that he is someone’s son makes us relate to the father’s sorrow of having his son shipped of to war. It could have been anyone’s son but the author says a farmer, so we imagine this kid with a poor background and a humble past going into war. War is something in this poem that is described indirectly. The idea of war is brought up by the use of all the images of dying races. It is also brought up by the consequences of war on the earth itself. â€Å"The burnt earth and the sun put† symbolizes that war and greed has burnt the earth and mother nature. It also mentions that the sun is put out, meaning that something that gives light and life, is put out. The sun is the source of light of a new day, without it there is no new day, and so the life cycle ends. The poet then uses this image of â€Å"the ashes of language†. Language is something that is used to communicate. Without language the world is barbaric. Communication is something that is destroyed when war and greed takes place and therefore, the writer summarizes the effects of war in greed in this sentence as chaos. Gillian Clarke uses these images of nature and life to express this final consequence.

Celibacy and Catholic Priests Essays

Celibacy and Catholic Priests Essays Celibacy and Catholic Priests Essay Celibacy and Catholic Priests Essay In today’s universe. many wonder why Catholic priests can’t acquire married and have a household of their ain. This issue and inquiry can be boiled down into one word: celibacy. Bing celibate is defined as being One who abstains from sexual intercourse. particularly by ground of spiritual vows. harmonizing to thefreedictionary. com. This definition is non understood by many because the idea of holding a life without sex is intolerable. particularly in today’s society. By researching this subject in deepness. one can understand why celibacy is an of import factor of the Catholic priesthood. Harmonizing to Father Kenneth Doyle of the Catholic News Service. priests hold this sacred vow for three peculiar grounds: it closely resembles Christ Who was unmarried. it shows and proves that love can be present without being physical. and it allows a adult male to give all of his energy to the Lord instead than to a household. In understanding how celibacy became so of import. we have to look at its history. peculiarly at the 3rd. 4th. eleventh. and 16th centuries. harmonizing to John O’Malley in his article Some Basicss About Celibacy ( 8 ) . In the 3rd century. within the early Church. many priests and even most of the apostles of Jesus were work forces with married womans and households. It was a common characteristic among the early Church. and even some of the Holy Fathers. or Popes. were known to be married and have kids. It is clear that during this clip period. the patristic epoch and early Middle Ages. celibacy was non enforced and non of import within the Church. Early on in this century. Constantine’s acknowledgment of Christianity brought about position alteration for all Christians: because they were non being oppressed and martyred they looked for new ways to follow Christ and dispute themselves to give their lives for Him. John W. O’Malley writes. With St. Jerome ( 345-4 20 ) . every bit good as many others. virginity for those espoused to Christ began to be extolled with new ardor and consistence. This became the edifice block for statute law and more instructions on the topic of celibacy ( 9 ) . O’Malley points out that the 4th century brought approximately more alteration for Christians as they came out of concealment in the catacombs ( 9 ) . The Council of Elvira was held in 305. which consisted of 19 bishops every bit good as a figure of priests. deacons. and laypeople. O’Malley writes that Canon 33 was a merchandise of this council and that it was the first piece of statute law that dealt with the issue of the clergy and matrimony. It reads: It has seemed good perfectly to prohibit the bishops. the priests. and the deacons. i. e. . all the churchmans in the service of the ministry. to hold dealingss with their married womans and procreate kids ; should anyone make so. allow him be excluded from the award of the clergy. ( 9 ) This decree changed things. because it made a tradition into a jurisprudence. and any who violated it would be punished. This edict was truly meant to set continency or temperateness on married clergy. because the thought of mirroring Christ and holding complete dedication to the sacraments was going more of import. every bit good as seeking to take by illustration as clergy to the laypeople. This was really of import in puting up what would alter in the 11th century as more important figures wanted to set up order and put things right within the Church ( 9 ) . Harmonizing to O’Malley. the 11th century sought to retrieve from the Dark Ages and was able to recover patristic epoch canon jurisprudence aggregations ( 10 ) . These recovered canon jurisprudence aggregations contained Torahs related to the thought of celibacy and acted as maps or designs for a series of holy and avid Catholic Popes for 35 old ages. who were determined to put order in the Church and society ( 10 ) . During this clip the pontificate established a regulation of authorization and power. which far surpassed anything that preceded it. and began reforming the Church. The reformists had the chief end of seeking to acquire the clergy’s behaviours and actions to mirror the antediluvian canon Torahs interpreted by the reformists. and were endeavoring to do the clergy and the Church more sanctum in nature. One of the greatest Catholic Popes in history was Pope Gregory VII who came into office towards the terminal of the motion. Thankss to his attempts. the juris prudence of celibacy began to look in the signifier that would most resemble today’s signifier. which is the prohibition of the ordained from being married before or after ordination ( 10 ) . The 16th century saw the beginnings of the reformation. where the thought of celibacy was challenged and questioned by Luther and others. who broke off from the Church and who were besides married. The Council of Trent was the Church’s response to the Protestants ; it solidified what celibacy means today for the Church and condemned three ideas on celibacy. Harmonizing to O’Malley. these were as follows: First. that churchmans in major orders and spiritual priests who have made a grave vow of celibacy can validly contract matrimony ; 2nd. that the ordinance of celibacy is a depreciation of matrimony ; and 3rd. that those who. after doing a grave vow of celibacy. can non detect it are free to contract marriage ( 11 ) . O’Malley points out that the jurisprudence has been modified. Canon 277. which is observed and practiced today. reads: Clerics are obliged to detect perfect and ageless continency for the interest of the land of Eden and therefore are obliged to detect celibacy. which is a particular gift of God. by which sacred curates can adhere more easy to Christ with an undivided bosom and can more freely give themselves to the service of God and world. ( 11 ) Continuing to plunge deeper into the subject of celibacy. it is of import to do a differentiation between the Catholic instructions of tenet and subject. Harmonizing to Catholic Answers. tenet are instructions within the Catholic Church that will neer alter. and a subject can alter. As Catholic Answers points out. because of the many different fluctuations of celibacy in the Eastern Rite Catholics. Orthodox and Oriental Christians where married priests are rather common. celibacy is a disciplinary regulation. non a tenet like the Trinity is. Of class there are regulations and ordinances on matrimony and being ordained in those countries that have married clergy. but it is the tradition in the Western or Roman Catholic Church that their clergy take a vow of celibacy ; exclusions can be made for Roman Catholic Priests who are married because they converted after being Lutheran or some other denomination. Many Fundamentalists attack celibacy as being a subject or pattern that goes against the Holy Bible and against nature itself because Genesis 1:28 says to. Be fruitful and multiply. As Catholic Answers points out. many besides argue that celibacy itself leads to perversion or that it can do illicit sexual behaviour. which is merely non true. It is true that many people are called to be married in their lives. but Catholics Answers provinces. †¦The career of celibacy is explicitly advocated- as good as practiced- by both Jesus and Paul . Therefore. it is easy to see why celibacy is a really intricate and of import portion of the priesthood. because it allows the priests to be more like Jesus and have a more affiliated relationship with the Father and the people they curate to. merely like Jesus Himself. Paul understands the importance of celibacy and complete dedication to the Lord by stating in First Corinthians 7:32-34 that. I should wish you to be free of anxiousnesss. An single adult male is dying about the things of the Lord. how he may delight the Lord. But a married adult male is dying about the things of the universe. how he may delight his married woman. and he is divided . Bing celibate is neither unnatural nor against the Bible. Jesus and Paul practiced and advocated it in their times ; clearly. it is non incorrect. Catholic Priests are highly of import in today’s universe because they provide us with the seven sacraments: Baptism. Eucharist. Reconciliation. Confirmation. Marriage. Holy Orders. and Anointing of the sick. Bing continent aid priests to execute these sacraments in the most holy mode and with complete connexion to God. Unfortunately. in today’s universe the thought or subject of celibacy is going something that is really difficult for some to understand and pattern. even for priests. In her article entitled On the Verge of Ideological Mutiny: Celibacy and the Roman Catholic Priesthood. Cathleen M. Falsani said that. The argument about compulsory celibacy for priests rises ire and eyebrows. as the Roman Catholic Church experiences a intimidating deficit of priests and a worsening involvement in spiritual careers. while narratives of sexual injudiciousness and maltreatment abound ( 16 ) . It is true that today. many people blame celibacy as the chief cause of deficits to the priesthood and many argue that celibacy shouldn’t be forced onto person and alternatively be a personal pick. This issue takes a toll on the full Church and can endanger the handiness of the Mass and sacraments if deficits of priests continue ( 16 ) . Many besides take the Church’s position on sex as a negative thing in that sex is a bad thing and that its lone usage is to make kids. which is why many believe that celibacy is in topographic point for Catholic priests. harmonizing to Falsani and Bob McClory a former Catholic priest ( 16 ) . As Falsani points out. the Church has responded to this position with Blessed Pope John Paul II’s papal missive which stated that. The bosom of a priest. in order that it may be available for this service. must be free. Celibacy is a mark of a freedom that exists for the interest of service†¦ ( 17 ) . This truly is what celibacy for those in the priesthood is all about: it allows them to be focused and be married to the church and God in a manner that many merely many can non grok nor understand. It is about complete forfeit and giving of one’s ego for the greater glorification of God and Eden. which allows them to administrate and execute the seven holy sacraments in a manner that reflects Jesus Christ Himself and His apostles who followed Him and gave up their lives for Christ’s glorification. Yes. many of the apostles may hold been married ; however. they began to develop a greater love and significance to what it means to be a retainer of the Lord to others and to genuinely give up their lives in service to Him. Celibacy is non against Church instructions. Contrary to many people’s beliefs. it really helps beef up and reaffirm patterns within the Catholic Church and proves that life is possible without giving in to worldly desires. In his article Why Celibacy Makes Sense. Robert Barron says that. Celibacy†¦is a signifier of life adopted by people in love with Jesus Christ ( 19 ) . This is precisely what drives priests in their ministry and enables them to go on their work with great ardor and ardor. The Catholic priest is a individual who is able to turn out that being in control of one’s ain desires is possible. particularly in a universe that is filled with sex around every corner. They are able to be that bright visible radiation within the darkness that emulates Christ and His pureness and love. Imagine if Roman Catholic priests were all allowed to be married in today’s universe. This would non raise any superciliums like it does now ; alternatively. it would me rely be another thing that is among the norm in society. However. it is exactly because of this unnatural thing called celibacy that people do raise their superciliums at these holy work forces populating in a universe that urgently needs people to stand out and be different than what society expects them to be. This is precisely what Jesus did. He was person Who stood out like a sore pollex during His clip. but this allowed Him to take by illustration and demo everyone who turned their caputs that a life with Him and the Father was deserving life. no affair how different it was from everyone else’s in society. In The Theological Basis for Priestly Celibacy. the theologian Max Thurian writes. Observing celibacy for the interest of the land of Eden does non intend being any the less a adult male ; by abdicating a natural signifier of being. the priest discovers life in all its comprehensiveness. Jesus was surely no less of a adult male because he did non hold fondnesss other than those for his brethren. and a bride other than the Chu rch. This amounts it up really good: priests try to be leaders of work forces and are to the full committed and faithful to their bride. the Church. and to the flock of people that they curate to. The call to celibacy and the priesthood is a supernatural one. and one which the universe sees as unnatural. Contrary to popular belief. celibacy and the call to be a priest is non for those work forces who have no attractive force to adult females. because like everyone else. priests are human existences and work forces who still have wants. In his survey entitled Seminarians Today. Paul Stanosz writes that sociologists Dean Hoge and Jacqueline have reported that seminarists and immature priests view themselves as. Men set apart ( 19 ) . Many priests are work forces who truly wanted to hold a household and kids but decided to mind the call to give this desire and alternatively be male parents within the Church. The most of import tool for priests and seminarists to remain strong in their preparation and ministry is personal supplication. and Paul Stanosz writes that. When asked what they looked frontward to as priests. the pupils mentioned holding clip for personal supplication and for taking others in prayer ( 22 ) . The chief ground that seminarists and priests enjoy their personal supplication so much is that they are able to come in into a deeper supplication province because of their entire committedness to the Church and non to a married woman or kids. Celibacy is a pattern that allows priests and seminarists to be more affiliated with the Lord. and therefore they can bask prayer more and acquire more out of it. In fact. they can pull others to it every bit good. because of their mirroring of Jesus Christ’s life and their connexion to their alone naming. This truly makes Catholic priests Men set apart and is precisely what is needed in today’s universe and what needs to go on within the Roman Catholic Church ( 19 ) . As we have examined. celibacy is a subject that many do non understand because it is one that goes against the societal norms of today’s society. Ultimately. it is a really large forfeit and one that is necessary for Roman Catholic priests to efficaciously curate and be different from every other adult male in society. It is something that creates a alone bond between the celibate priest and his ministry and continues a tradition that has been handed down through history and advocated by the Church’s most outstanding leaders. As mentioned at the start of this paper from Father Kenneth Doyle. celibacy allows for priests to closely resemble Jesus Christ as the leader and theoretical account of the church. it allows for love to be and be present without being physical. and it allows priests to concentrate all their energy on the Church instead than on a household or kids. This committedness is really sedate in nature. Harmonizing to the Catholic encyclopaedia at newadvent. org. during the beginning of the priestly candidates’ ceremonial. the bishop tells them merely how important this committedness is by stating the followers: You ought uneasily to see once more and once more what kind of a load this is which you are taking upon you of your ain agreement. Up to this you are free. You may still. if you choose. bend to the purposes and desires of the universe. But if you receive this order it will no longer be lawful to turn back from your intent. You will be required to go on in the service of God. and with His aid to detect celibacy and to be bound for of all time in the reliefs of the Altar. to function who is to reign. This is what it means to be celibate: to travel against the grain and serve the Lord and the Church with all that one can offer as a priest and as a true adult male and adherent of Jesus Christ. Bibliography Barron. Robert. Why Celibacy Makes Sense. Commonweal 132. 14 ( 2005 ) : 17-9. ProQuest Religion. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. Celibacy and the Priesthood. Celibacy and the Priesthood. N. p. . 10 Aug. 2004. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Catholic. com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood gt ; . Celibate. The Free Dictionary. Farlex. n. d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. thefreedictionary. com/celibate gt ; . Doyle. Father Kenneth. CatholicPhilly. com: News from the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. Powered by The Catholic Standard A ; Times and Phaith Magazine. Explaining Celibacy for Latin-rite Priests. N. p. . 24 July 2012. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //catholicphilly. com/2012/07/catholic-spirituality/explaining-celibacy-for-latin-rite-priests/ gt ; . Falsani. Cathi M. On The Verge Of Ideological Mutiny: Celibacy And The Roman Catholic Priesthood. Daughters Of Sarah 22. 1 ( 1996 ) : 16-19. ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. Griffin. Patrick. Rites. The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1912. 11 Sept. 2012 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. newadvent. org/cathen/13064b. htm gt ; . O’Malley. John W. Some Basics About Celibacy. America 187. 13 ( 2002 ) : 7. Academic Search Premier. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. Stanosz. Paul. Seminarians Today. Commonweal 132. 14 ( 2005 ) : 19-23. ProQuest Religion. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. Thurian. Max. The Theological Basis for Priestly Celibacy. The Theological Basis for Priestly Celibacy. N. p. . n. d. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. vatican. va/roman_curia/congregations/cclergy/documents/rc_con_cclergy_doc_01011993_theol_en. hypertext markup language gt ; . The Catholic Holy Bible: New American Bible. The Catholic Holy Bible: New American Bible.

5 Great Short Story Tips for Writers - Proofeds Writing Tips

5 Great Short Story Tips for Writers - Proofeds Writing Tips 5 Great Short Story Tips for Writers Short stories are a great way to hone your writing skills before setting to work on your long-planned novel. They’re also an art form in themselves. Whatever your motivation for writing, though, we have some great short story tips for authors. Read on to find out more! 1. Some Stories Are Shorter than Others A short story will typically be between 1,500 and 7,500 words long. However, some are longer and others are as short as a single sentence. It is up to you! You can see how different short stories are sometimes classified, as well as how these compare to a novel, below: Fiction Format Average Length Microfiction Under 100 words Flash fiction 100 to 1,000 words Short story 1,000 to 7,500 words Novelette 7,500 to 17,500 words Novella 17,500 to 50,000 words Novel 50,000 words or more Before you start writing, think about which format to use and set yourself a word limit. This can work as a guideline when planning your story. 2. Work with Limitations To make sure your short story doesn’t accidentally grow into a novella, set some limitations on the plot as well as the word count. These could be physical (e.g., a story that takes place in a single room) or time based (e.g., a story that takes place in a single day). You could even set a limitation on the number of characters or â€Å"scenes† that your short story will involve. Whatever limitation you choose, working with a narrower scope will help you focus on the core of your story. 3. Think About the World of the Story The best short stories feel like they belong to a larger, lived-in world. You won’t have space to explain this world fully, but you can think about how it would shape the tale you are telling. Make notes about the history of your characters and the world they belong to before you begin writing. This can give you a better sense of what they are like and how they would interact with one another. You can even hint at this by alluding to your characters’ pasts in your writing. 4. Edit Ruthlessly! Thanks to the limitations of a short story, you will almost certainly write too much on your first draft. This is completely fine. The key is to take what you’ve written and then refine it. Think about cutting anything that isn’t essential to the story you’re telling. And remember the old advice about showing, not telling: i.e., that it is better to use action to show how a character feels than telling the reader directly. In a short story, this can also help cut down on unnecessary narration. 5. Look for a Publisher If you are proud of your short story, you might want to share it with the world! Check out some of the many magazines and blogs that feature short stories. Once you find one that carries the same type or genre of writing as your own, look up their rules for submitting stories and follow these closely.

International Business Analysis. Financial Crisis of 2007-2010 Essay

International Business Analysis. Financial Crisis of 2007-2010. Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers - Essay Example These particular securities which were considered as poisonous resulted in making up a substantial fraction of their individual final asset base. The non-payments related to such securities promoted a significant credit crisis as every individual financial institution accumulated cash and called for the requirement for increasingly enlarged payments prior to lending it to others. The investment brokerages along with the banks situated in Wall Street rapidly lost capital of amounting to around US$175 billion between the time periods ranging from the year 2007 to the year 2008. Many large and sound financial institutions had to be rescued with the aid of huge amount of guarantees that were obtained from Federal Reserve. Numerous of the remaining ones ensured their continued existence with the help of selling large portions of their preferred stock along with assured best return rates, towards a sequence ‘sovereign funds’ that were believed to be possessed by the respective governments of Singapore, China, Abu Dhabi and South Korea among the rest (Blackburn, 2008).The financial institutions especially the banks suffered grave financial crisis owing to the apparent deeply faulty management in relation to the systematic risk. A quite significant part related to this particular issue was identified to be the fact that the central as well as a few of the prominent financial institutions made use of a obscure secondary form of banking system in order to conceal a great deal of their respective exposure. Renowned institutions such as Merrill Lynch, Barclays Capital, Citigroup, Deutsche Bank along with Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) were known to get engaged in huge amount of debt or due balances and as a result provided loans by employing the funds of other individuals in opposition to inadequately poor kind of collateral (The Chancellor of the Exchequer, 2009). The triggering factor behind the credit crisis was measured to be the growing payment failures among the people of the US who were believed to be in possession of the subprime mortgages during the previous quarter of the year 2006 and in the beginning of the year 2007 (Jaffee, 2008). The increasing rate of failure to make payments against the held mortgages by the individuals was identified to be the rise made with respect to the interest rates for the reason of defending the declining value of dollar. This particular scenario or condition resulted in the breakdown of numerous big and sound mortgage brokers between the months of February to March in the year 2007, however the real possibility of the issue only started to get recorded in the later periods. Fascinatingly, the initial bank that registered an issue in this regard was the Deutsche Bank who was learnt to be compelled to provide guarantee for two funds in the month of July’ 2007 that were supposed to be property-based (The Chancellor of the Exchequer, 2009). To sum up, the essential aspect t hat was realised regarding the financial crunch relates to the comprehension that across the globe, certain issues failed to be adequately well understood. The international standards pertaining to regulation along with the international agreement with regard to risk remained unsuccessful to carry on with the notion of financial innovation as well as globalisation. This definite mentioned aspect did not